Oxandrolone Wikipedia
# Contents
## Oxandrolone
Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid that has been used in various clinical settings due to its ability to mimic certain effects of androgens. It belongs to a class of compounds known as 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids, which are structurally similar to naturally occurring hormones like testosterone but have more pronounced effects.
## Medical Uses
Oxandrolone is primarily prescribed for its therapeutic effects in treating various medical conditions. One of the most common uses is in the management of muscle wasting associated with chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, and COPD. The drug has also been used to stimulate appetite and improve physical function in patients with severe muscle atrophy.
Additionally, oxandrolone is sometimes prescribed off-label for its ability to enhance energy levels and promote fat loss, though this use is less evidence-based and carries significant risks.
## Non-Medical Uses
In non-clinical settings, oxandrolone is often used by individuals seeking to boost muscle mass, improve physical performance, or achieve a more aesthetic body shape. However, this misuse can lead to serious health complications, including liver damage, cardiovascular issues, and hormonal imbalances.
It is important to note that the use of oxandrolone outside of medical supervision is both illegal and unsafe.
## Contraindications
The use of oxandrolone is contraindicated in individuals who have a history of allergic reactions to steroids, as well as those with conditions such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, or a history of certain types of cancer. The drug should also be used with caution in individuals with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or glaucoma.
## Side Effects
Like other anabolic steroids, oxandrolone can produce a range of side effects, both common and rare. Common side effects include acne, hair loss, and changes in cholesterol levels. Rare but serious side effects may include liver toxicity, cardiovascular complications, and psychological disturbances such as mood swings or irritability.
## Interactions
Oxandrolone may interact with other medications, including corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and various other drugs that affect the body's hormonal balance. Patients should always inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking before starting oxandrolone to prevent interactions.
## Pharmacology
Pharmacologically, oxandrolone is a potent androgenic steroid with a high degree of anabolic activity. It works by binding to androgen receptors in target tissues, promoting the synthesis of proteins and other muscle-building compounds. The drug's effects are similar to those of testosterone but are more pronounced due to its ability to bypass the body's natural limitations on anabolic hormone production.
## Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of oxandrolone involve its activation by 5α-reductase enzymes, which convert it into a more potent metabolite. This metabolite then binds to androgen receptors in muscle tissue, promoting protein synthesis and fat loss while reducing muscle breakdown.
## Steroid Configuration
Oxandrolone is available in two stereoisomeric forms: as a racemic mixture or as a pure enantiomer (e.g., oxandrolone enantate). The stereochemistry of the drug plays a significant role in determining its therapeutic effects and side profile, though this information is not always fully understood.
## Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of oxandrolone vary depending on the dosage form and route of administration. When taken orally, the drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but may be subject to first-pass metabolism in the liver, reducing its bioavailability. Injectable forms of oxandrolone, which are available in some countries, have a higher bioavailability and longer duration of action.
## Chemistry
Oxandrolone's chemical structure consists of a 17α-alkyl group attached to an androstane backbone, which is further modified with a methyl group at the 2 position. This structural modification enhances the drug's anabolic properties while reducing its potential for androgenic side effects compared to testosterone.
## History
Oxandrolone was first synthesized in the early 1960s as part of efforts to develop more potent androgens for therapeutic use. It quickly gained attention for its ability to promote muscle growth without some of the unwanted side effects associated with earlier anabolic steroids. The drug entered clinical use shortly after its discovery, but its off-label uses became increasingly common in the following decades.
## Society and Culture
In contemporary society, oxandrolone has a dual reputation. On one hand, it is a valuable tool for treating muscle wasting and other medical conditions, providing hope to individuals who might otherwise lose function. On the other hand, its misuse has become a significant problem, particularly among athletes and bodybuilders seeking to enhance their physical appearance.
## Generic Names
The generic name for oxandrolone is often listed as "oxandrolone" itself, though it may also be referred to by its chemical synonyms, such as "2-methyl-17α-alkyl-androstadien-3-one."
## Brand Names
Common brand names for oxandrolone include "Oxandrolon" and "Oxabol." These brands are often used in different markets or under specific regulatory approvals.
## Availability
Oxandrolone is not widely available over-the-counter, as it is classified as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions. In the United States, the drug must be obtained through a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider. Patients should also be aware of strict monitoring and dosage regulations to prevent misuse.
In other countries, the availability and regulatory framework for oxandrolone may vary. It is important for individuals to consult with their healthcare providers before obtaining or using the drug.
## Legal Status
The legal status of oxandrolone varies by country. In many regions, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse and abuse. In others, it may be available for legitimate medical use under strict supervision.
## References
1. "Oxandrolone - DrugBank." DrugBank(https://drugbank.com/drugs/DB00192)
2. "Oxandrolone - PubChem." PubChem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Compound/DB00192)
3. "Anabolic Steroids - National Institute on Drug Abuse." NIDA(https://www.nida.nih.gov/)
## External Links
- Wikipedia: Oxandrolone(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxandrolone)
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